International comparisons

The publications of the international HBSC research network are widely disseminated. A list of these publications, a selection of which is presented below, can be found on the international website.

From hier you are free to browse and download the collection of international representative data for 11, 13 and 15 year old students for the 2002, 2006 and 2010 rounds of the HBSC study. International data from the 2018 survey cycle will be added to the Open Access portal in October 2022.

  • Research reports
  • Cosma, Alina, Molcho, Michal & Pickett, William. (‎2024)‎. A focus on adolescent peer violence and bullying in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 2. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. 
      Download (5.48 MB)

    Boniel-Nissim M, Marino C, Galeotti T, Blinka L, Ozoliņa K, Craig W et al. (2024). A focus on adolescent social media use and gaming in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 6. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
      Download (1.42 MB)

    Charrier L, van Dorsselaer S, Canale N, Baska T, Kilibarda B, Comoretto RI et al. (2024). A focus on adolescent substance use in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 3. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
      Download (9.52 MB)

    Rakić JG, Hamrik Z, Dzielska A, Felder-Puig R, Oja L, Bakalár P et al. (2024). A focus on adolescent physical activity, eating behaviours, weight status and body image in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 4. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
      Download (23.53 MB)

    Cosma A, Abdrakhmanova S, Taut D, Schrijvers K, Catunda C, Schnohr C. (2023). A focus on adolescent mental health and wellbeing in Europe, central Asia and Canada. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children international report from the 2021/2022 survey. Volume 1. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
      Download (3.63 MB)

    Inchley J, Currie D, Budisavljevic S, Torsheim T, Jåstad A, Cosma A et al., editors. Spotlight on adolescent health and well-being. Findings from the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Europe and Canada. International report. Volume 1. Key findings. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
      Open document

    Inchley J, Currie D, Budisavljevic S, Torsheim T, Jåstad A, Cosma A et al., editors. Spotlight on adolescent health and well-being. Findings from the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Europe and Canada. International report. Volume 2. Key data. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2020. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
      Open document

    Inchley, J., Currie, D., Young, T., Samdal, O., Torsheim, T., Augustson, L., Mathison, F., Aleman-Diaz, A., Molcho, M., Weber, M., & Barnekow, V. (Eds.). (2016). Growing up unequal: Gender and socioeconomic differences in young people's health and well-being. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2013/2014 survey. (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 7). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
      Open document

    Currie, C., Zanotti, C., Morgan, A., Currie, D., de Looze, M., Roberts, C., Samdal, O., Smith, O. R. F., & Barnekow, V. (Eds.). (2012). Social determinants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2009/2010 survey. (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 6). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
      Open document

    Currie, C., Nic Gabhainn, S., Godeau, E., Roberts, C., Smith, R., Currie, D., Pickett, W., Richter, M., Morgan, A., & Barnekow Rasmussen, V. (Eds.). (2008). Inequalities in young people's health: HBSC international report from the 2005/2006 Survey. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
     

    Currie, C., Roberts, C., Morgan, A., Smith, R., Settertobulte, W., Samdal, O., & Barnekow Rasmussen, V. (Eds.). (2004). Young people's health in context - Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2001/2002 survey. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
     

    Settertobulte, W., Jensen, B. B., & Hurrelmann, K. (2001). Drinking among young Europeans Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe
      Open document

    Currie, C., Hurrelmann, K., Settertobulte, W., Smith, R., & Todd, J. (Eds.). (2000). Health and health behaviour among young people. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
      Open document

    King, A., Wold, B., Tudor-Smith, C., & Harel, Y. (1996). The health of youth. A cross-national survey. WHO Regional Publications, European Series No. 69.
     

  • Scientific articles
  • Költő, A., Young, H., Burke, L., Moreau, N., Cosma, A., Magnusson, J., Windlin, B., Reis, M., Saewyc, E. M., Godeau, E., & Gabhainn, S. N. (2018). Love and dating patterns for same‐ and both‐gender attracted adolescents across europe. Journal of Research on Adolescence, Epub ahead of print. DOI doi:10.1111/jora.12394.
      Open document

    Wicki, M., Mallett, K. A., Delgrande Jordan, M., Reavy, R., Turrisi, R., Archimi, A., et al. (2018). Adolescents who experienced negative alcohol-related consequences are willing to experience these consequences again in the future. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Epub ahead of print. doi: 10.1037/pha0000184.
      Open document

    Wicki, M., Kuntsche, E., Eichenberger, Y., Aasvee, K., Bendtsen, P., Dankulincová Veselská, Z., ... & Roberts, C. (2017). Different drinking motives, different adverse consequences? Evidence among adolescents from 10 European countries. Drug and Alcohol Review.
      Open document

    de Looze, M., Raaijmakers, Q., ter Bogt, T., Bendtsen, P., Farhat, T., Ferreira, M., Godeau, E., Kuntsche, E., Molcho, M., Pförtner, T.-K., Simons-Morton, B., Vieno, A., Vollebergh, W., & Pickett, W. (2015). Decreases in adolescent weekly alcohol use in Europe and North America: Evidence from 28 countries from 2002 to 2010. European Journal of Public Health, 25(suppl 2), 69-72. DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckv031.
      Open document

    de Looze, M., ter Bogt, T. F. M., Raaijmakers, Q. A. W., Pickett, W., Kuntsche, E., & Vollebergh, W. A. M. (2015). Cross-national evidence for the clustering and psychosocial correlates of adolescent risk behaviours in 27 countries. European Journal of Public Health, 25(1), 50-56. DOI 10.1093/eurpub/cku083.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2015). Monitoring adolescent health behaviours and social determinants cross-nationally over more than a decade: Introducing the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study supplement on trends. European Journal of Public Health, 25(suppl 2), 1-3. DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckv009.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E., Wicki, M., Windlin, B., Roberts, C., Nic Gabhainn, S., van der Sluijs, W., Aasvee, K., Gaspar de Matos, M., Dankulincova, Z., Hublet, A., Tynjala, J., Valimaa, R., Bendtsen, P., Vieno, A., Mazur, J., Farkas, J., & Demetrovics, Z. (2015). Drinking motives mediate cultural differences but not gender differences in adolescent alcohol use. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(3), 323-329. DOI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.267.
      Open document

    Ramiro, L., Windlin, B., Reis, M., Nic Gabhainn, S., Jovic, S., Gaspar de Matos, M., Magnusson, J., & Godeau, E. (2015). Gendered trends in early and very early sex and condom use in 20 European countries from 2002 to 2010. European Journal of Public Health, 25(suppl 2), 65-68. DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckv030.
      Open document

    Sznitman, S. R., Kolobov, T., Bogt, T. t., Kuntsche, E., Walsh, S. D., & Harel-Fisch, Y. (2015). Investigating cannabis use normalization by distinguishing between experimental and regular use: A multilevel study in 31 countries. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 76(2), 181-189. DOI doi:10.15288/jsad.2015.76.181.
      Open document

    Bendtsen, P., Damsgaard, M. T., Huckle, T., Casswell, S., Kuntsche, E., Arnold, P., de Looze, M. E., Hofmann, F., Hublet, A., Simons-Morton, B., ter Bogt, T., & Holstein, B. E. (2014). Adolescent alcohol use: A reflection of national drinking patterns and policy? Addiction, 109(11), 1857-1868. DOI 10.1111/add.12681.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E., Nic Gabhainn, S., Roberts, C., Windlin, B., Vieno, A., Bendtsen, P., et al. (2014). Drinking motives and links to alcohol use in 13 European countries. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 75(3), 428-437.
      Open document

    ter Bogt, T. F. M., de Looze, M., Molcho, M., Godeau, E., Hublet, A., Kokkevi, A., Kuntsche, E., Nic Gabhainn, S., Pejnovic Franelic, I., Simons-Morton, B., Sznitman, S., Vieno, A., Vollebergh, W., & Pickett, W. (2014). Do societal wealth, family affluence and gender account for trends in adolescent cannabis use? A 30 country cross-national study. Addiction, 109(2), 273-283. DOI 10.1111/add.12373.
      Open document

    de Looze, M., ter Bogt, T., Hublet, A., Kuntsche, E., Richter, M., Zsiros, E., Godeau, E., & Vollebergh, W. (2013). Trends in educational differences in adolescent daily smoking across Europe, 2002-10. European Journal of Public Health, 23(5), 846-852. DOI 10.1093/eurpub/ckt022.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E., Rossow, I., Simons-Morton, B., ter Bogt, T., Kokkevi, A., & Godeau, E. (2013). Not early drinking but early drunkenness is a risk factor for problem behaviors among adolescents from 38 European and north american countries. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 37(2), 308-314. DOI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01895.x.
      Open document

    Richter, M., Kuntsche, E., Looze, M., & Pförtner, T.-K. (2013). Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent alcohol use in Germany between 1994 and 2006. International Journal of Public Health, 58(5), 777-784. DOI 10.1007/s00038-013-0486-x.
      Open document

    Sznitman, S. R., Kolobov, T., ter Bogt, T., Kuntsche, E., Walsh, S. D., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Harel-Fisch, Y. (2013). Exploring substance use normalization among adolescents: A multilevel study in 35 countries. Social Science and Medicine, 97, 143-151. DOI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.08.038.
      Open document

    de Looze, M., Pickett, W., Raaijmakers, Q., Kuntsche, E., Hublet, A., Nic Gabhainn, S., Bjarnason, T., Molcho, M., Vollebergh, W., & ter Bogt, T. (2012). Early risk behaviors and adolescent injury in 25 European and North American countries: A cross-national consistent relationship. Journal of Early Adolescence, 32(1), 104-125. DOI 10.1177/0272431611414062.
      Open document

    Farhat, T., Simons-Morton, B., Kokkevi, A., van der Sluijs, W., Fotiou, A., & Kuntsche, E. (2012). Early adolescent and peer drinking homogeneity: Similarities and differences among European and North American countries. Journal of Early Adolescence, 32(1), 81-103. DOI 10.1177/0272431611419511.
      Open document

    Gilligan, C., Kuntsche, E., & Gmel, G. (2012). Adolescent drinking patterns across countries: Associations with alcohol policies. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 47(6), 732-737. DOI 10.1093/alcalc/ags083.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E. (2012). Culturally different and yet alike - Introduction to the Special Issue "Early Adolescent Health in Cross-National Perspective" Journal of Early Adolescence, 32(1), 5-13. DOI 10.1177/0272431611432714.
      Open document

    ter Bogt, T., Gabhainn, S. N., Simons-Morton, B. G., Ferreira, M., Hublet, A., Godeau, E., Kuntsche, E., & Richter, M. (2012). Dance is the new metal: Adolescent music preferences and substance use across Europe. Substance Use and Misuse, 47(2), 130-142. DOI 10.3109/10826084.2012.637438.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E., Kuntsche, S., Knibbe, R., Simons-Morton, B., Farhat, T., Hublet, A., Bendtsen, P., Godeau, E., Demetrovics, Z. (2011). Cultural and gender convergence in adolescent drunkenness: Evidence from 23 European and North American countries. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 165(2), 152-158.
      Open document

    Iannotti, R. J., Janssen, I., Haug, E., Kololo, H., Annaheim, B., Borraccino, A., et al. (2009). Interrelationships of adolescent physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and positive and negative health indices. International Journal of Public Health, 54(Suppl 2), S191-S198.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E. N., Simons-Morton, B., ter Bogt, T., Sánchez Queija, I., Muñoz Tinoco, V., Gaspar de Matos, M., et al. (2009). Electronic media communication with friends from 2002 to 2006 and links to face-to-face contacts in adolescence. An HBSC study in 31 European and North American countries and regions. International Journal of Public Health, 54(Suppl 2), 243-250.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E., Simons-Morton, B., Fotiou, A., ter Bogt, T., & Kokkevi, A. (2009). Decrease in adolescent cannabis use from 2002 to 2006 and links to evenings out with friends in 31 European and North American countries and regions. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 163(2), 119-125.
     

    Simons-Morton, B., Farhat, T., ter Bogt, T., Hublet, A., Kuntsche, E., Nic Gabhainn, S., et al. (2009). Gender specific trends in alcohol use: cross-cultural comparisons from 1998 to 2006 in 24 countries and regions. International Journal of Public Health, 54(Suppl 2), S199-S208.
      Open document

    Vereecken, C., Dupuy, M., Rasmussen, M., Kelly, C., Nansel, T. R., Al Sabbah, H., et al. (2009). Breakfast consumption and its socio-demographic and lifestyle correlates in schoolchildren in 41 countries participating in the HBSC study. International Journal of Public Health, 54(Suppl 2), S180-S190.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E., Overpeck, M., & Dallago, L. (2008). Television viewing, computer use and hostile perception of classmates among adolescents from 34 countries. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 67(2), 97-106.
     

    Zaborskis, A., Zemaitiene, N., Borup, I., Kuntsche, E., & Moreno Rodriguez, C. (2007). Family joint activities in a cross-national perspective [Electronic version]. BMC Public Health, 7(94).
      Open document

    Hublet, A., De Bacquer, D., Valimaa, R., Godeau, E., Schmid, H., Rahav, G., et al. (2006). Smoking trends among adolescents from 1990 to 2002 in ten European countries and Canada. BMC Public Health [open access journal], 6(280), 1-7.
      Open document

    Kuntsche, E., Pickett, W., Overpeck, M., Craig, W., Boyce, W. F., & Gaspar de Matos, M. (2006). Television viewing and forms of bullying among adolescents from eight countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(6), 908-915.
     

    ter Bogt, T., Schmid, H., Nic Gabhainn, S., Fotiou, A., & Vollebergh, W. (2006). Economic and cultural correlates of cannabis use among mid-adolescents in 31 countries. Addiction, 101, 241-251.
     

    Pickett, W., Molcho, M., Simpson, K., Janssen, I., Kuntsche, E., Mazur, J., et al. (2005). Cross-national study of injury and social determinants in adolescents. Injury Prevention, 11(4), 213-218.
     

    Schmid, H., & ter Bogt, T. (2004). Cross national comparison of cannabis use among adolescents - Does context make a difference? [Abstract]. Psychology & Health, 19(Supplement), 153-154.
     

    Schmid, H., ter Bogt, T., Godeau, E., Hublet, A., Ferreira Dias, S., & Fotiou, A. (2003). Drunkenness among young people: A cross-national comparison. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 64, 650-661.
     

    Pickett, W., Schmid, H., Boyce, W. F., Simpson, K., Scheidt, P. C., Mazur, J., Molcho, M., King, M. A., Godeau, E., Overpeck, M., Aszmann, A., Szabo, M., & Harel, Y. (2002). Multiple risk behavior and injury. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156, 786-793
     

  • Books and chapters
  • Kuntsche, E., Holstein, B. E., & Ravens-Sieberer, U. (2015). Trends in young people's health and social determinants [Special issue]. European Journal of Public Health, 25(Suppl. 2).
      Open document

    Ferreira, M., Kuntsche, E., de Looze, M., Baska, T., Simons-Morton, B., ter Bogt, T., et al. (2012). Alcohol use. In C. Currie, C. Zanotti, A. Morgan, D. Currie, M. de Looze, C. Roberts, O. Samdal, O. R. F. Smith & V. Barnekow (Eds.), Social determinants of health and well-being among young people: Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2009/2010 survey (pp. 151-160). (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 6). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
     

    Kuntsche, E., (Guest editor). (2012). Early adolescent health in cross-national perspective. Journal of Early Adolescence, Special Issue, 32(1).
      Open document

    Ramiro, L., Reis, M., Magnusson, J., Windlin, B., Moreau, N., Godeau, E., et al. (2012). Sexual behaviour: Condom and pill use. In C. Currie, C. Zanotti, A. Morgan, D. Currie, M. de Looze, C. Roberts, O. Samdal, O. R. F. Smith & V. Barnekow (Eds.), Social determinants of health and well-being among young people: Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2009/2010 survey (pp. 177-181). (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 6). Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
     

    Ravens-Sieberer, U. (Ed.). (2009). Social determinants of child and adolescent health: Findings from the International Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) Study (Vol. 54, Suppl 2). Basel: Birkhäuser.
      Open document

    Schmid, H. (2004). Drunkenness and preference for spirits in different countries. In R. Müller & H. Klingemann (Eds.), From science to action? 100 years later - Alcohol politics revisited (pp. 131-140). Dordrecht / Boston / London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
     

    Schmid, H., & Nic Gabhainn, S. (2004). Alcohol use. In C. Currie, C. Roberts, A. Morgan, R. Smith, W. Settertobulte, O. Samdal & V. Barnekow Rasmussen (Eds.), Young people's health in context - Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2001/2002 survey. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
     

    Vereecken, C., Ojala, K., & Delgrande Jordan, M. (2004). Eating habits. In C. Currie, C. Roberts, A. Morgan, R. Smith, W. Settertobulte, O. Samdal & V. Barnekow Rasmussen (Eds.), Young people's health in context - Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: International report from the 2001/2002 survey. Copenhagen: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe.
     

    Nic Gabhainn, S., & François, Y. (2000). Substance use. In C. Currie, K. Hurrelmann, W. Settertobulte, R. Smith & J. Todd (Eds.), Health and health behaviour among young people. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.
     

    Roberts, C., François, Y., Batista-Foguet, J., & King, A. (2000). Methods. In C. Currie, Hurrelmann, K., Settertobulte, W., Smith, R., Todd, J. (Ed.), Health and health behaviour among young people. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe.
     

    François, Y. (1995). The health and physical environment in the school setting. In Commission of the European Communities, Council of Europe & Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization (Eds.), Towards an Evaluation of the European Network of Health Promoting Schools (pp. II.A.2.1-8). Bruxelles: International Planning Committee of the European Network or Health Promoting Schools.
     

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